Explores both nonviolent and violent forms of Black resistance to white supremacy for a complete historical narrative
Focuses on Black women's contributions, highlighting their pivotal role in shaping Black freedom movements
Unflinching examination of the dismissal of Black violence as illegitimate, arguing against white supremacist narratives
Includes a wide range of tactics from work stoppages to armed revolt, providing context for contemporary movements
Offers a hopeful yet clear-eyed account of Black resilience, serving as both a corrective and inspiration
Summarized by Shop
A radical reframing of the past and present of Black resistance--both nonviolent and violent--to white supremacy
Black resistance to white supremacy is often reduced to a simple binary, between Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolence and Malcolm X's "by any means necessary." In We Refuse, historian Kellie Carter Jackson urges us to move